CVEs / CVE-2025-32433
CVE-2025-32433: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability
- Known exploited in the CISA KEV catalog since 9 Jun 2025
- critical 10 CVSS 3.1 (from the CNA)
- EPSS 98.9% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 99% of CVEs (30 Oct 2026)
- Last changed at its sources
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Summary
Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE.
Description
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.
Affected and fixed versions
| Product | Affected | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
| erlang otp | >= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3 | — |
| erlang otp | >= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11 | — |
| erlang otp | < OTP-25.3.2.20 | — |
Exploitation
| In CISA KEV since | 9 Jun 2025 |
|---|---|
| Due date for US federal agencies | 30 Jun 2025 |
| Used in ransomware campaigns | Unknown |
| Required action | Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. |
Severity
| CVSS 3.1 | 10 criticalCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:HScored by the CNA ([email protected]) |
|---|---|
| Weakness | CWE-306 |
References
- CVE-2025-32433 on NVD
- CVE-2025-32433 in the CISA KEV catalog
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2 (cited by CISA)
- https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy (cited by CISA)
- CVE-2025-32433 on OSV
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12 Patch
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f Patch
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891 Patch
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2 Vendor Advisory
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2 Mailing List
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1 Mailing List
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2 Mailing List
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6 Mailing List
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1 Mailing List
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html Third Party Advisory
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/ Third Party Advisory
- https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py Exploit
- https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy Third Party Advisory
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433 US Government Resource
Sources
Exploitation status from the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EPSS scores from FIRST. Descriptions, severity and references from the National Vulnerability Database. Open-source package versions from OSV (CC-BY 4.0). Text is shown as each source states it; Stackurity does not edit it. Check the vendor's advisory before acting.
This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.